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Objective: To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of seasonal A(H3N2) influenza [influenza A(H3N2)] in China and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control. Methods: The influenza A(H3N2) surveillance data in 2014-2019 was derived from China Influenza Surveillance Information System. A line chart described the epidemic trend analyzed and plotted. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using ArcGIS 10.7, and spatiotemporal scanning analysis was conducted using SaTScan 10.1. Results: A total of 2 603 209 influenza-like case sample specimens were detected from March 31, 2014, to March 31, 2019, and the influenza A(H3N2) positive rate was 5.96%(155 259/2 603 209). The positive rate of influenza A(H3N2) was statistically significant in the north and southern provinces in each surveillance year (all P<0.05). The high incidence seasons of influenza A (H3N2) were in winter in northern provinces and summer or winter in southern provinces. Influenza A (H3N2) clustered in 31 provinces in 2014-2015 and 2016-2017. High-high clusters were distributed in eight provinces, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2014-2015, and high-high clusters were distributed in five provinces including Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Shanghai in 2016-2017. Spatiotemporal scanning analysis from 2014 to 2019 showed that Shandong and its surrounding twelve provinces clustered from November 2016 to February 2017 (RR=3.59, LLR=9 875.74, P<0.001). Conclusion: Influenza A (H3N2) has high incidence seasons with northern provinces in winter and southern provinces in summer or winter and obvious spatial and temporal clustering characteristics in China from 2014-2019.
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Humans , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype , Seasons , Cluster AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To improve the understanding of the virome and bacterial microbiome in the wildlife rescue station of Poyang Lake, China.@*METHODS@#Ten smear samples were collected in March 2019. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to delineate bacterial and viral diversity. Taxonomic analysis was performed using the Kraken2 and Bracken methods. A maximum-likelihood tree was constructed based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of picornavirus.@*RESULTS@#We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families. A significant difference in microbial and viral abundance was found between samples S01-S09 and S10. In S01-S09, members of Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria were the most prevalent, while in S10, the most prevalent bacteria class was Actinomycetia. Among S01-S09, members of Myoviridae and Herelleviridae were the most prevalent, while the dominant virus family of S10 was Picornaviridae. The full genome of the pigeon mesivirus-like virus (NC-BM-233) was recovered from S10 and contained an open reading frame of 8,124 nt. It showed the best hit to the pigeon mesivirus 2 polyprotein, with 84.10% amino acid identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RdRp clustered into Megrivirus B.@*CONCLUSION@#This study provides an initial assessment of the bacteria and viruses in the cage-smeared samples, broadens our knowledge of viral and bacterial diversity, and is a way to discover potential pathogens in wild birds.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Wild/genetics , Lakes , Phylogeny , Picornaviridae/genetics , Viruses/genetics , China , Metagenomics , Genome, ViralABSTRACT
Objective :To study and observe application value of 256 slice spiral CT coronary imaging (MSCT) for di‐agnosing coronary artery stenosis in aged patients .Methods :A total of 95 aged patients suspecting coronary artery stenosis treated in our hospital were selected .They received MSCT and coronary angiography (CAG) respectively . Inspecting outcomes of above two diagnostic methods were comprehensively compared .Results :(1) CAG identified 91 positive cases and four negative cases in diagnosing coronary artery stenosis ,while it＇s 89 positive cases and six negative cases for MSCT .The diagnostic outcomes of two methods were highly consistent (Kappa＝ 0.789 , P＝0.001 ) ,suggesting MSCT can achieve the diagnostic effect of CAG ; (2) Sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and accuracy of MSCT diagnosing coronary artery stenosis was 94. 51%,25.00%, 96. 63%,16.67% and 91.58% respectively ,suggesting diagnostic outcomes of MSCT possessed high accuracy ; (3) There was no significant difference in judgment of coronary artery stenosis degree between MSCT and CAG , P＝0.524. Conclusion :The diagnostic accuracy of 256 slice MSCT is high in aged patients with coronary artery stenosis , which is almost consistent with that of the gold standard‐CAG .The conduction is simple and it＇s noninvasive ,which can be extended in clinic ;but it′s specificity is compare less ,must pay suitable intension
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Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor of the nervous system. It is highly invasive, resistant to conventional treatment, and easy to relapse. The main treatment strategy is surgery plus radiotherapy, but the prognosis is still poor. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a group of cells with neural stem cell-like properties in glioma. As the starting cells of glioma, they are considered to be the key factors for tumorigenesis and recurrence. CD133 is considered to be a biomarker for glioblastoma and is used as a marker for GSCs. Although its biological significance is currently controversial, more and more studies have shown that CD133 is involved in GSCs-mediated tumor formation and recurrence. This article mainly reviews the GSCs surface marker CD133 and its related targeted therapies.
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LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins that are highly hydrophilic and thermally stable play a role in plant defense. The full-length cDNA of DoLEA2 was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) from Dendrobium officinale (GenBank number:KY626329). The cDNA is 1 224 bp and encodes 313 amino acids. The deduced DoLEA2 protein contained LEA_2 and WHy domains. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that DoLEA2 shared a high homology with other species. Phylogenetic tree showed that DoLEA2 belonged to the monocotyledon and its closest relative was P. aphrodite. DoLEA2 was differentially expressed in the different organ. The expression was most abundant in the leaves, followed by that of the roots and stem. DoLEA2 could express in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the best induction conditions were 0.5 mmol·L-1 IPTG at 37℃ for 4 h. The growth curves of E. coli BL21 (DE3) showed that the recombinant DoLEA2 protein improved tolerate against salt stress over the control. This study represents the first time of cloning and identification of the function of LEA2 in D. officinale. The result sets up an important foundation for the molecular mechanism of stress resistance in Dendrobium officinale.
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Objective To explore the change of signal value in the fetal frontal lobe with gestational age in normal second-third trimester fetuses.Methods MRI findings of 125 normal second-third trimester fetuses were divided into 5 groups according to gesta-tional age (unit:week)including 1 7-21,22-26,27 -31,32 -36,37 -40,respectively.The signal values were measured in inferior frontal,middle and upper,respectively.Results The signal value of fetal frontal lobe in 5 groups were 387.38 ± 1 66.75,354.46 ± 1 74.78,342.24±141.23,338.90±1 10.94,310.23±1 18.62,respectively.The signal value was 341.77 ±149.22,35 1.00±145.1 6, 342.85±140.61 in inferior frontal,middle and upper,respectively.The signal value of frontal lobe was 350.34±147.68 in the left and 340.73±144.29 in the right.There were no significant statistical differences on fetal frontal lobe signal value in each group (P>0.05).But the signal value in the frontal lobe had a gradually decreasing trend with fetal age,along with the signal value in the central frontal was higher than the other two parts of the frontal lobe and the left is slightly higher than the right.Conclusion The signal values in frontal lobe of normal second-third trimester fetuses were gradually decreased as gestational age increasing,with the signal values in central frontal lobe was higher than that of in margin of frontal lobe,and the left side was slightly higher than the right.
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Objective To explore the growing change of sizes of lateral cerebral ventricle in second-third trimester normal fetuses in MRI,to provide the normal reference for clinical monitoring.Methods MRI findings in 98 normal second-third trimester fetuses were retrospectively analyzed.The fetuses were divided into 6 groups according to gestational age (unit:week)including 18-21,22-25,26-29,30-33,34-37 and 38-40 weeks,respectively.The maximum transverse sizes of fetal atrium and occipital horns of lateral ventricle (cm)were measured.The SigmaStat statistical program was used for statistical analysis.Results The length of lateral ventricle atrium horn in 6 groups were 0.35 ± 0.03,0.33 ± 0.05,0.31 ± 0.04,0.30 ± 0.03,0.26 ± 0.05 and 0.25 ± 0.04,respectively,and the ventricle length of occipital horns were 0.91± 0.09,0.84 ± 0.09,0.84 ± 0.1 1,0.81 ± 0.13,0.80 ± 0.1 1 and 0.74 ± 0.13,respectively.The length of lateral ventricle atrium horn and ventricle occipital horns among some differ-ent groups showed significant differences (P <0.05).The length of fetal ventricle atrium and occipital horn were reduced gradually with gestational ages.Conclusion The ventricular length of atrium and occipital horn in second-third trimester normal fetuses reduce gradually with gestational ages.
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Thogoto virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. It is a tick-borne arbovirus that can infect both human and animals. Thogoto virus's genetic constitution, replication and transcription, and the function of the translated proteins are similar to influenza virus. The studies on Thogoto virus are important for us to better understand the conservative sites of influenza virus. Moreover, the animal model of Thogo-to virus is expected to be an alternative model for highly pathogenic influenza viruses. In the past years, Thogoto virus attracted limited public attention and few studies were engaged in this area. The classification of Thogoto virus, the genetic constitution and evolution, and viral proteins were included in this review. The functions of M protein and ML protein were emphasized, which were translated from the sixth segment and played an important role in viral replication, the interaction between Thogoto virus and host were also highlighted.
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Animals , Humans , Biomedical Research , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Orthomyxoviridae Infections , Virology , Thogotovirus , Classification , Genetics , Physiology , Viral Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of acrylamide on the permeability of blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) and tight junction protein ZO-1 of choroid plexus in rats and to provide a theoretical basis for explaining the mechanism of nerve injury induced by acrylamide.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ACR and control groups. ACR group was exposed to 20 mg/kg ACR daily for 5 days a week by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 4 weeks. Control group was exposed to normal saline. The neurobehavioral tests (including sensatory and motor functions) were performed every week. At the end of exposure, Evan blue (EB) and Sodium fluorescein (NaFI) content in rat CSF were detected for determining the BCB permeability, Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of ZO-1 mRNA in the epithelium cells of choroid plexus, and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was utilized to observe the distribution of ZO-1 protein.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Neurobehavioral tests showed that the tail-flick latencies of ACR group were 27.77% and 53.71% as long as control group in the 3rd week and 4th week, respectively (P < 0.05). The hind lamb splay distances of ACR group were 131.76% and 153.77% as long as control group in the 3rd week and 4th week, respectively (P < 0.05). Evan blue (EB) and Sodium fluorescein (NaFI) content of ACR group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). In the 4th week, the expression level of ZO-1 mRNA in ACR group was 0.21 +/- 0.07, which was significantly lower than that (0.31 +/- 0.11) in control group (P < 0.05). In the 4th week, the ZO-1 protein expression level of choroid plexus in ACR group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acrylamide could increased the BCB permeability of rats, which may be involved in the central nervous injury induced by ACR.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acrylamide , Toxicity , Blood-Brain Barrier , Choroid Plexus , Metabolism , Permeability , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Zonula Occludens-1 Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of region of interest (ROI) on measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained in diffusion-weighted (DW) MR sequences between spinal tuberculosis and malignancy, selecting the more reasonable and effective measurement of ADC value. We collected the conventional MR sequences and diffusion-weighted imaging data of thirty-two patients with spinal tuberculosis or malignancy confirmed clinically and pathologically from August 2009 to June 2010. Using the conventional MRI as a guide, the signal intensity (SI) and ADC value were calculated by selecting single ROI and the same area multi-ROI within whole lesion at the largest slice of lesion respectively. Using ADC value defined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis as threshold, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADC value for diagnosing spinal tuberculosis were compared. The results showed that the mean of ADC value at signal ROI was lower than that at the multi-ROI. There was no significant difference between the ADC value of single ROI and multi-ROI. The ADC values from spinal tuberculosis and spinal malignancy obtained in single ROI or multi-ROI showed significant differences. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADC value for differentiating tuberculosis from neoplastic infiltration at signal ROI is lower than that at the multi-ROI. In conclusion, the ADC acquired multi-ROI can describe preferablywater molecular diffusion and is more useful in differentiating spinal tuberculosis from malignant bone marrow lesions.